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| range indicates a range of cells, | either individual cells separated by a commas: A3, F20, AB23 |
| or a first and last separated by a colon: D40:G56 |
num indicates either a single cell reference (H34) or a simple number (-300) or an expression (2*D20+14)
condition indicates a condition which can be true or false, e.g. AF4+SUM(C1:C10) > 30
value indicates either a number (defined as above) or a string in quotation marks (e.g. "Hello")
string indicates a sentence in quotation marks or a cell reference containing a string in quotation marks.
SUM(range) |
Gives the sum (add up) of all the numbers in the specified range. |
| AVERAGE(range) | Gives the average (arithmetic mean) of the numbers |
| MIN(range), MAX(range) | Gives the smallest/largest of the numbers in the range specified |
| IF(condition, value, value) | If the condition is true, then this function gives the first number. If the condition is false, then the function gives the second number. |
| AND(condition, condition, ... condition), OR( ... ) | Returns TRUE if all the conditions are true. There can be up to 30 conditions. The function OR() works similarly, but performs an OR function. |
| CODE(string), CHAR(num) | CODE() takes a string and gives the ASCII code of the first character in the string. CHAR() takes a number in the range 32 to 126 and gives the corresponding character (i.e. treats the number as an ASCII code). |
| MID(string, num, num) | Returns a substring from the string parameter, copying characters starting at the position given by the first number. The second number specifies how many characters to copy. |
| LOG10(num), LN(num) | Returns the logarithm of the number. LOG10() gives logarithms to base 10. LN() gives the natural logarithm of the number. |
| EXP(num) | The exponential of the number, i.e. e raised to that power (e = 2.71) |
| POWER(num, num) | Gives the first number to the power of the second e.g. POWER(10,3) gives 1000. To calculate a root, specify a fractional power e.g. 0.25 for fourth root. |
| LEN(string) | Gives the number of characters in a string. |
| COUNT(range) | Counts the number of cells in the range that contain numbers. Ignores cells containing errors, blanks or text. |
| COUNTIF(range, string) | Count the number of cells which match a criterion specified in the string. The string can be "32", "<=45", ">0" etc. |
| SQRT(num) | Gives the positive square root of the number |
| TODAY( ) | Gives today's date (no parameters) |
| NOW( ) | Gives the current time (according to inbuilt clock). No parameters |
| RAND( ) | Gives a random decimal in the range 0 < number < 1 |
| CEILING(num), FLOOR(num) | CEILING() gives the number rounded upwards to a whole number. FLOOR() gives the number rounded downwards to a whole number. |
| ROUND(num, num) | Gives the first number rounded to the number of decimal places specified by the second number, e.g. ROUND(3.14159,3) gives 3.142 |
| ABS(num) | Gives the absolute value of a number, i.e. positive numbers are left unchanged, negative numbers have the negative sign removed. |
| PI( ) | Gives the value of p accurate to 15 decimal places. |
| SIN(num), COS(num), TAN(num) | Gives the value of the sine, cosine and tangent of the number, which represents an angle. The angle must be in radians, not degrees |
| RADIANS(num) | Converts the number representing an angle in degrees into radians. |
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